Nets.T Performance Indicator 4

Nets T Performance Indicator 4 is designed to "Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility" (The ISTE National Educational Technology Standards (NETS.T) and Performance Indicators for Teachers. It lists four various ideals teachers should strive for when considering technology in the classroom (www.iste@iste.org). Last week I discussed "develop and model cultural understanding and global awareness by engaging with colleagues and students of other cultures using digital-age communication and collaboration tools." This week I want to discuss another aspect of the fourth performance "promote and model digital etiquette and responsible social interactions related to the use of technology and information."

New technology brings new responsibilities. The advantages new technology brings are tremendous but there too are many pitfalls. The cell phone for example is relatively inexpensive and a great tool regarding emergencies (less response time). However, this rapid mode of information can also spell trouble. Cameras on cell phones connected to the Internet can create havoc on the lives of the unsuspecting. Recorders used on the same phone can ensnare spoken words meant to be "off the record." Once on the internet-forever in time. To what extent to we define our moral obligation; granting the inalienable right to privacy to our fellow man. These are examples of the total disregard a person may have for someone else's livelihood (look out karma's saddled up and on her way). However not all incidents of this variety may be malicious. It is quite possible transmissions of such information may be inadvertent. We need to understand the technology we are using to avoid accidental transmissions.

Understanding the technology at our disposal can be understated as only important. We must be sure of all transmissions of information are ethical. Mike S. Ribble, Instructional Services Coordinator, College of Education, Manhattan, KS (http://coe.ksu.edu/ribble) and Gerald D. Bailey, Professor of Education, College of Education, Manhattan, KS (www.educ.ksu.edu/go/bailey) co-authored an article (Teaching Digital Citizenship Reflection: A Four-Stage Technology Learning Framework) discussing these relevant issues. They believe "... teaching students to become good digital citizens" is a four-stage process. The four stages are: 1) Awareness--knowledge of technology and how it affects others and myself. 2) Understanding--ability to grasp the uses of technology that are considered appropriate or inappropriate. 3) Action--using technology in the most appropriate way with the information available. 4) Action--using technology in the most appropriate way with the information available.

Let us not compromise the integrity of our fellow citizens by malicious or accidental transmissions. Know what you are doing and do not what you shouldn't.

Nets.T Performance Indicator 4

Nets.T Performance Indicator 4 is designed to "Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility" (The ISTE National Educational Technology Standards (NETS.T) and Performance Indicators for Teachers). It lists various ideals teachers should strive for when considering technology in the classroom, one of which I will discuss is teachers should "develop and model cultural understanding and global awareness by engaging with colleagues and students of other cultures using digital-age communication and collaboration tools." As I mentioned in an earlier article, it is important that educators as well as students collaborate with other cultures. It is not only important for the exchange of information specific to a particular subject but it also helps eliminate barriers created by societal differences. Better communication between cultures can build a stronger global society.

Collaboration between students and teachers is a valuable educational tool which can also benefit society. Vygotsky, a developmental psychologist, believed the primary goal of education should be to "generate and lead development which is the result of social learning through internalization of culture and social relationships" (www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Vygotsky.html). Collaboration allows for the exchange of ideas between cultures which can in turn bridge societal differences. Using education as a means to cure societal ills, can be a handsome by-product of cultural collaboration.

Today's technology allows for collaboration between cultures to be relatively easy. "Students have opportunities once unimaginable to collaborate with peers from other countries in order to gain insight and understanding about these cultures...and to guide students to achieving greater appreciation for cultural complexity and diversity" (Globalization Culture and Education In The New Millennium, Marcelo M Suarez-Orozco and Desiree Baollion Qin-Hillard). There is a web-site which offers the collaborative tools needed for this learning application ( www.web-conferencing-zone.com/virtual-educational-classroom.htm). They still have a long way to go before all the bugs are worked out (economically as well as the ease to implement any chosen soft-ware application). However, the benefits of such a learning experience would well be worth the time and money needed to invest.

Nets.T Performance Indicator 3 (con't)

My most recent blog discussed performance Indicator 3 as it relates to teachers needing to "collaborate with students, peers, parents, and community members using digital tools and resources to support student student success and innovation". This blog will discuss another aspect of this indicator, the need for teachers to "demonstrate fluency in technology systems and the transfer of current knowledge to new technologies and situations ". (Teachers using technology in the classroom and being fluent in its application.)

Technology has provided teachers with new and creative ways to present classroom material. Collaboration between students and teachers is and has always been essential in the learning environment. This interactive concept can be enhanced using collaborative web-sites such as http://www.webspiration.com/ and http://www.wiki.com/ . These sights provide a creative means for student/teacher and student/student interaction. These creative mediums keep the students engaged with the task at hand (boredom abatement).

I am teaching Environmental Science this trimester and am trying to implement concept mapping as a creative learning tool. I feel concept mapping can be useful for both learning and retention. Because the environmental field involves all the sciences I feel it is important for the student to understand how all these sciences are linked together in various aspects of different environmental issues. Utilizing technology to help develop this theme will certainly aid in my endeavor. But I must become fluent in "webspiration" (collaborative concept mapping) before I introduce it to my students.

Keeping the students interested (and awake) has always been a challenge regardless of the subject. Students entering a classroom knowing that another lecture awaits them are bored before they even sit down. However, if they know they are going to interact with the teacher or their fellow students (via concept mapping) they may develop an attitude, more conducive to learning. Learning can be entertaining. It is similar to exercising. If you enjoy a particular exercise activity you are more apt to exercise as opposed to running for the sake of running just because you heard it was "good" for you. Similarly, if teachers make education fun through the means technology provides, then students will become more engaged with learning in the classroom.

Nets.T Performance Indicator 3

The third performance indicator for the 21st National Educational Technology Standards focuses on collaboration between "...students, peers, parents, and community members using digital tools and resources to support student success and innovation." (The ISTE National Educational Technology Standards (NETS.T) and Performance Indicators for Teachers). This can be accomplished in a number of imaginative ways. The virtual learning environment, utilizing technology offered through the Internet, can be an effective means of melding the proven collaborative learning concept with today's technology. However, as educators, we must not lose contact with the craft of teaching/coaching, the sense of personal engagement the teacher feels he or she should have with their student. If we are to use all the latest technology available to us then we as educators should introduce technology with personal and instructional support, always staying within the context of "student-centered learning". Technology should only be a tool to assist educators not to serve as a replacement. Also, let us not lend favor to those who are more advanced in technology than those who are not. This may cause assessment inaccuracies. {Is the student having difficulty with concepts in "Biology" or is the student struggling with the virtual software, "Wiki", (www.wikispaces.com)}

We as educators should have an established teaching philosophy (www.louis-hoffman-virtualclassroom.com/Teaching_Philosophy/Index.htm). This provides each of us with are own standards of teaching which we should strive to maintain everyday (being aware of our goals and our strategies). The student and teacher "..share equal responsibility for achieving the goals of the course."

We as educators should have a firm understanding of the technology we wish to use in our classroom so we can competently instruct its application to our students. We can then implement this latest technology to assist us with the craft of teaching, making certain technology does not conflict with educating.

Technology affords us so much opportunity to explore the many different avenues there are for learning. The virtual communicative software program "Wiki" greatly enhances the interaction and collaboration among students which is vital for success. Complex material can be more easily understood using the ideas of concept mapping which can be developed through "webspiration" (www.webspiration.com). Understanding the latest barrage of technology is important to keep up with the "21st century" but we as teachers can't forget are primary focus; to inspire, to encourage, and most importantly share the responsibility with the student on their success.

Using Concept Mapping for Assessment

Using concept maps as a form of collaboration to promote student learning and creativity can be a valuable educational tool. It can also be useful for assessing students before, during, and after the presentation of new material. The teacher can use concept mapping prior to the introduction of new material to assess the student's existing knowledge of the subject matter. Concept mapping can then be used to see how well a student is grasping the content during a given unit of study. And finally, testing the student on what they have learned, using concept maps, may allow the teacher to better understand the the student's depth of understanding. It may be a true indication of how well the student can simulate practical application of the subject matter discussed. A true and thorough understanding of material is important for long term retention. This retention is vital if the students are to perform well on overall achievement tests.

This approach is discussed in an article titled "Starting Point, Teaching Entry Level Geoscience" (http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/assessment/conceptmaps.html) . Concept maps are used to evaluate the student's prior knowledge, their progress, and their overall retention of the material discussed. This allows instructors to follow the student's progress but more importantly, concept mapping can identify any misconceptions the student may have on the material covered in class. Concept mapping can be a complete and thorough evaluation of how well the student "gets it".

In a paper written by Maria Araceli Ruiz-Primo, "Examining Concepts Maps As An Assessment Tool" (http://cmc.ihmc.us/papers/cmc2004-036.pdf) she quotes a source which reflects the views of cognitive psychologists, "...the essence of knowledge is structure" (Anderson, 1984, p. 5). It is Ruiz-Primo belief that the student's understanding of material is greatly enhanced through the practice of interconnection that concept mapping provides. She further states, "It can be easily argued that the dimension of structure of knowledge yielded by concept maps is unique in comparison to traditional achievement tests".

Concept maps are a simple but valuable educational tool which can be used in all phases of instruction; from assessing the students' prior knowledge, to monitoring their progress, and finally, evaluating what and how well they have learned.

Collaborative Learning Using Concept Maps

My discussions thus far on teaching strategies for the 21st century have been primarily on collaborative concepts and their importance. Classroom to classroom interaction, via video transmission, is a valuable tool for sharing ideas and learning strategies. This allows students of different settings to exchange geographic information specific to their area and apply this immediate information to the content area being explored. This would replace the laboratory exercises of having students gather site-specific information by means of web-browsing. Students from different regions would support and enhance each other's education. But this collaboration should not stop there. The next logical phase of this educational strategy would be to have the students intellectualize this newly acquired information through continued collaboration. The students from each geographic setting could then develop a common "collaborative" theme through the sharing and revising of concept maps. A web-site which focuses on the development of collaborative concept maps is www.webspiration.com. This site allows students to individually create concept maps and then share and develop these ideas as a class. These concept maps allows students to think constructively and creatively as a class which further enhances individual development.

Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1896-1934) was an educational psychologist who developed a sociocultural theory regarding education ( www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/vygotsky.htm). He believed successful educational development is dependent upon the interaction between people and their supporting culture so that as individuals they can best understand their world. His theory also suggests that optimum cognitive development lies within a certain time span (Zone of Proximal Development) (www.edb.utexas.edu/csclstudent/Dhsiao/theories.html). He defined this zone as a "region of activities" where individuals can succeed with the assistance of their peers. This article further states that Vygotsky's sociocultural approach to learning can be successfully implemented using Computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL).

Developing computer-based concept maps through collaborative efforts by students with the assistance of teachers can greatly enhance the educational development of individuals.

Cooperative and Collaborative Learning

This is the third in a series of articles which I discuss the strategies and benefits of collaborative learning. The process of learning can be enhanced through collaboration. Learning in groups via a networking medium develops learning strategies and increases the flow of creative ideas. Implementing the latest technology can assist educators for this process.

The "National Educational Technology Standards (NETS.T) and Performance Indicators for Teachers" stress creative, collaborative means for educating students through virtual models (www.iste.org). Computer-based collaborative learning can be most effective. A network system which supports students and teachers alike is an on-going development. Computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) supports educational efforts through collaborative means (www.edb.utexas.edu/csclstudent/Dhsiao/theories.html). Computer-based collaborative learning has grown out of the need for improving communication and productivity in the business world. Computer supported collaborative work (CSCW) is a network system which supports groups with a common task within a business. The difference between these two systems are: CSCW (business) focuses on communication techniques (how to disperse information between groups) while CSCL deals primarily with the information being communicated (how to deliver the educational information effectively). These two network systems similar. CSCW is setup primarily for the daily tasks of a business and is more of a "fixed" network system whereas the CSCL is more flexible in order to adapt to the individual or group needs. Both of these systems enhance group dynamics by sharing creative ideas and problem-solving strategies. Although computer-based collaboration increases the sharing of information, strategies and ideas, it does not replace the inspiration motivation a teacher can provide through classroom interaction.

Collaborative learning allows students to explore and apply new material presented in lecture by the teacher ("What is Collaborative Learning?" by Barbara Leigh Smith and Jean T. MacGregor). Although this can be accomplished in groups within a classroom, computer-based collaboration facilitates this free-flow of ideas between multiple groups of students that only a networking system can provide. New material is dissected and reorganized by several students at a time through the networking process. From an educator's perspective, collaborative learning places more emphasis on the designing of learning experiences and less on the mere transmission of information. Teacher create and design a learning experience using technology as a tool.

Collaborative Learning

Are accurate responses to authentic assessment more likely attained through collaborative learning? I think so. Individual students sharing thier strategies to decipher classroom information can lead to a more thorough understanding by all students. Teachers can also learn more effective ways to present and explain difficult material to thier students by simply observing the student to students interactions and how they help each other assimulate complex ideas.

Complex concepts which are present in all sciences are more easily understood through classroom discussion. Students, developing these conceptual ideas in groups, are better equipped to apply these learned concepts to real-life situations. Collaborative learning also develops high level thinking skills thus higher student achievement according to the Global Development Research Center(www.gdrc.org/kmgmt/c-learn/44.html). Effective learning through collaboration harbors a positive environment for both students and teachers. Student-to-student learning reduces anxiety in the classroom because students feel they are all in this together (no student left behind?) Teachers can also learn from thier students ways to enhance their own teaching skills.



As I mentioned in an earlier blog (2/3/09) an effective learning environment is enhanced through interactive classrooms. Collaborative discussions through classroom interaction would further help students assimilate knowledge. This collaborative forum would also allow for the expansion of ideas for both learning and teaching. Teachers would constantly be exposed to new educational techniques from other teachers and as well as students.

Interacting with Outside Classrooms: Locally; Globally

How can I incorporate new and innovative teaching techniques into my classroom? What can I do as a teacher to facillitate the learning process?

There exists a global wealth of knowledge concerning the teaching techniques of Astronomy. I would like to locate then implement these techniques into my classroom. I can do this by interacting with other classrooms. This can be accomplished by utilizing the technology already available. The interaction between classrooms, globally and locally, would enhance the education process for all involved.

This process already exists in Western Sydney, Australia (as I am sure other places as well) (www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LA20070510028 ). Videoconferencing equipment and shared interactive whiteboards are used to set up this network. "A combination of individual mainstream technologies create a motivating Connected Classrooms learning environment that is more powerful than the sum of the individual technology components" writes Mrs. Karyn Paluzzano a former teacher elected to the Parliament. The article further states that this interaction enhances the formation of ideas and discussions. They use this technique for subjects ranging from History to Physics. Networking also allows students in small schools to take classes which otherwise would not be offered.

Classroom interaction would allow my Astronomy students interested in the Physics aspects of Astronomy to interact with other students accross this networking bridge to fullfill thier quest for knowledge. A successful networking classroom interaction could possibly allow for an advanced placement Astronomy class to be offered here at Mason High School. Lunar and solar eclipses, as well as other astronomical events, viewed in different parts of the world could be brought into "the networking class" as if all the students were witnessing the events together.

Classroom interaction can bring students from all different cultural walks of life together to share common experiences. Native American students from the Konocti Unified School District in California had a chance to share thier cultural differences via videoconferencing (www.cilc.org/newsletter/sepoct2007/articles/classrooms.asp). Students from different tribes inquired on each others' dress and customs. The students enjoyed their experience and all involved thought it was a success. Being exposed to cultural differences in the classroom will prepare students for the world outside the classroom. Social acceptance being nurtured at school can be a by-product of networking.

I can contribute to this process through involvment. Finding out if other local school districts are interested in this classroom interaction process would be a start. Searching for successfull programs which already exist in the area would be another. The economic climate of today may mean searching for innovative and creative ways for financing such an endeavor. Reaching out to the Cincinnati Public Schools and establishing a cooperative may prove to be cost-effective. Together with myself and the help of some other established teachers we can put together a plan to present to the civic leaders. They can then determine the financial logistics. Such a plan can not be developed overnight but would be worthwhile if implemented.

Classroom Goals

I am a first year Astronomy teacher at Mason High School. I have transitioned from running my own woodworking business to being a full-time science educator. I am at the beginning stage of organizing and developing this class. I have received a vast amount of help and support from the science director here at Mason (Debbie Rupp), along with several of the other science instructors. It has been both challenging and rewarding. Although I am happy with things thus far, the development of this class has a long-long way to go. This class has so much potential. Astronomy can (and should) be as exciting as it is educational in order for the students to thoroughly appreciate all the facets of this fascinating science. However, this can only be achieved by utilizing all the latest technology that is available. This course cannot be taught with textbooks alone. Incorporating the latest technology available into the classroom setting will enhance the students desire to learn and also contribute to their preparedness for the 21st century. A thorough understanding of the latest technology is essential for career development. There is wide variety of computer generated astronomy exercises available on the Internet. It is my goal to be able to visit these web-sites and utilize the available software they offer and instruct the students on its usage. These exercises bring astronomy into the classroom. Without the use of an available telescope these laboratories are essential in captivating and keeping the students interest. For this new class to be successful it is essential that I learn this available software and then pass this knowledge onto my students.The students' use of this technology will help them understand the difficult concepts and theories they will have learned in either textbooks or lectures. This will then provide the students with the confidence to recognize legitimate resources when researching in order to validate their concepts and ideas for their projects and presentations.